Low-impact development (LID) is an alternative approach to site planning, design and building that minimizes impacts to the landscape and preserves the natural hydrologic cycle. LID is accomplished as a two step process:

• better site planning; and

• implementation of best management practices (BMPs).

This approach results in reduced impervious surfaces, smaller lawns and more natural landscaping. Therefore it is commonly less costly to construct, it requires less maintenance and is more attractive, which enhances real estate values.

Thoughtful site planning begins with an approach first publicized by the planner and landscape architect Ian McHarg (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_McHarg) which identifies critical site features such as wetlands, or drinking water protection areas that should be set aside as protected open space. Natural features, such as vegetated buffers and viewsheds also play an integral role in any LID planning exercise. After the critical open space areas are identified and preserved, sustainable development areas are then identified as "building envelopes.